When embarking on your first furniture shopping experience, we should understand key furniture terminology to make informed decisions. A good furniture buying guide can help you navigate the complexities of styles, materials, and sizes, ensuring you find pieces that perfectly suit your home. This guide will break down essential furniture terms, providing clarity on everything from construction to upholstery, making the process of furniture shopping tips easier for you.
Types of Furniture Terms
Knowing common furniture terminology can help you navigate a furniture pricing guide. And when consulting a furniture buying guide, we should consider factors like furniture durability, material quality, and overall design. The materials, construction methods, and quality standards of a piece of furniture can significantly influence its price.
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Category |
Furniture Type |
Description |
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Seating Furniture |
Chair |
A single-seat piece of furniture, typically with four legs and a back. |
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Sofa |
A long upholstered seat designed for multiple people, usually with arms and a back. |
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Loveseat |
A small sofa designed to seat two people comfortably. |
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Recliner |
A chair that tilts back for lounging, often with an adjustable footrest. |
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Ottoman |
A padded seat or bench without a back, used as a footrest or additional seating. |
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Accent Chair |
A decorative chair that adds style to a room, often featuring unique designs or colors. |
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Barstool |
A high stool with or without a back, commonly used at bars or high tables. |
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Armchair |
A comfortable chair with supporting arms. |
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Lounge Chair |
A chair designed for relaxation, often with a reclining feature. |
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Tables |
Table |
A flat surface supported by legs, used for various purposes like dining or working. |
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Coffee Table |
A low table placed in front of a sofa for holding drinks or decorative items. |
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Dining Table |
A table specifically designed for eating meals, available in various shapes and sizes. |
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End Table (Side Table) |
Small tables placed beside chairs or sofas for holding lamps or drinks. |
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Console Table |
A narrow table often placed against a wall or behind a sofa for decorative purposes or storage. |
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Desk |
A piece of furniture with a flat surface for writing or working, often equipped with drawers. |
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Folding Table |
A table that can be collapsed for easy storage and transport. |
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Storage Furniture |
Dresser |
A chest of drawers used for storing clothes and personal items. |
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Nightstand |
A small table beside a bed for holding lamps and personal items. |
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Cabinet |
A storage unit with doors and shelves, used to keep items organized. |
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Bookshelf |
A piece of furniture with shelves specifically designed for storing books. |
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Wardrobe (Armoire) |
A tall cabinet used for storing clothes, often with hanging space and shelves. |
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Buffet/Sideboard |
A piece of furniture used in dining areas for serving food and storing dishes. |
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Beds and Sleep Furniture |
Bed |
A piece of furniture for sleeping, usually consisting of a mattress on a frame. |
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Headboard |
The upright panel at the head of a bed, which can be decorative or functional. |
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Footboard |
The panel at the foot of the bed, complementing the headboard. |
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Bunk Bed |
A bed consisting of two frames stacked on top of each other to save space. |
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Murphy Bed (Wall Bed) |
A bed that folds up into the wall when not in use to save space. |
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Specialty Furniture |
Sectional Sofa |
A sofa made up of multiple sections that can be arranged in various configurations. |
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Sleeper Sofa (Futon) |
A sofa that can be converted into a bed for extra sleeping space when needed. |
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Chaise Lounge |
An upholstered chair with an extended seat that allows one to recline comfortably. |
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Trundle Bed |
A low bed on wheels that fits under another bed and can be pulled out when needed. |
Sofa is a long, cushioned seating piece designed to accommodate multiple people, typically featuring armrests and a backrest.
Furniture Components Terms
By understanding the key furniture components and the terminology associated with them, you can make more informed choices during your furniture shopping experience. Additionally, considering luxury material options, furniture pricing guides, and the psychological aspects of furniture will help you create a living space that is both functional and emotionally satisfying.
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Category |
Component Term |
Description |
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Structural Components |
Frame |
The main structure that supports the furniture piece, typically made from wood or metal. |
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Legs |
The supports that hold up the furniture; can come in various styles and shapes. |
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Stretcher |
A horizontal support that connects and strengthens the legs of chairs and tables. |
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Rails |
Horizontal pieces that connect vertical components, often found in beds and tables. |
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Backrest |
The part of a chair or sofa that supports the back of the sitter. |
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Armrest |
The support on the side of a chair or sofa where one can rest their arms. |
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Upholstery Components |
Upholstery |
The fabric and padding covering furniture, providing comfort and style. |
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Cushion |
A padded element used for comfort in seating; can be removable or fixed. |
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Slip Seat |
A removable seat cushion that fits into a frame, often upholstered. |
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Under-Upholstery |
Materials used beneath the outer layer of upholstery for added support and comfort. |
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Decorative Components |
Finial |
A decorative element placed at the top of posts or structures, often used to accentuate design. |
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Cornice |
A decorative molding at the top of case furniture, adding visual interest. |
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Marquetry |
Decorative inlay work using different woods to create patterns or images on furniture surfaces. |
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Carving |
Decorative designs created by cutting into wood surfaces, adding texture and detail. |
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Functional Components |
Drawer |
A sliding compartment within furniture used for storage, commonly found in dressers and desks. |
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Shelf |
A flat surface within cabinets or bookshelves used for organizing items. |
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Tabletop |
The flat surface of a table where items are placed; can vary in material and design. |
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Castor (Caster) |
A small wheel attached to furniture legs to facilitate easy movement. |
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Joinery Components |
Dovetail Joint |
A strong method of joining two pieces of wood together, often used in drawers. |
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Mortise and Tenon Joint |
A traditional joint where a projection (tenon) fits into a cavity (mortise) on another piece of wood. |
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Dowels |
Wooden pegs used to reinforce joints between two pieces of furniture. |
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Support Components |
Slats |
Horizontal bands of wood set in a chair back or bed frame to provide support for cushions or mattresses. |
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Spring System |
The arrangement of springs in seating that provides elasticity and comfort; includes hand-tied springs. |
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Miscellaneous Components |
Splat |
The central vertical element in a chair back that provides support and design interest. |
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Spindle |
A thin, turned element used in chair backs or as part of a railing system for decoration and support. |
Furniture Styles Terms
The furniture style's terms can provide valuable insights into the specific characteristics of each style, ensuring you make choices that not only look great but also meet your lifestyle needs.
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Category |
Style |
Description |
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Traditional Furniture Styles |
Jacobean (1600–1690) |
Characterized by ornate carvings, straight lines, and dark finishes, originating from the early English Renaissance. |
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William and Mary (1690–1735) |
Features eclectic designs influenced by Dutch and Chinese styles, known for trumpet-turned legs and Oriental lacquer work. |
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Queen Anne (1700–1755) |
Recognized for cabriole legs and intricate details, often crafted from walnut or mahogany. |
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Pennsylvania Dutch (1720–1830) |
An American style with German influences, characterized by colorful folk painting and functional designs. |
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Louis XVI (1760–1789) |
Influenced by Neoclassical design, known for straight lines and richly carved details. |
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Chippendale (1750–1790) |
Features delicate curves and intricate details, drawing from French, Gothic, and Chinese influences. |
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Hepplewhite (1765–1800) |
Known for graceful curves and tapered legs, with a focus on contrasting veneers. |
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Sheraton (1780–1820) |
Characterized by elegant simplicity with straight lines and light woods like mahogany. |
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Federal (1780–1820) |
Combines elements of Sheraton and Hepplewhite styles, featuring balanced proportions and soft lines. |
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American Empire (1800–1840) |
Heavily influenced by French design, known for solid lines and classical ornamentation. |
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Victorian (1840–1910) |
Recognized for ornate designs, heavy proportions, and dark finishes reflecting the Industrial Revolution. |
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Arts and Crafts (1880–1910) |
Focuses on handcrafted woodwork with simple lines and utilitarian designs. |
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Art Deco (1910–1939) |
Celebrates bold colors and geometric shapes, often featuring chrome and lacquered finishes. |
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Modern Furniture Styles |
Antique |
Typically from the 19th to early 20th centuries, featuring delicate carvings and classic appeal. |
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American Colonial |
Influenced by British styles with simple lines and sturdy construction. |
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Traditional |
Combines elements from classic European styles with ornate details and dark woods. |
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Vintage |
Generally between 50 to 100 years old; unique pieces with intricate details. |
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Rustic |
Emphasizes natural materials like wood and metal, often with a weathered look for an outdoorsy feel. |
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Retro |
Inspired by the 1950s and 1960s, featuring bright colors and mid-century modern lines. |
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Modern |
Characterized by clean lines, minimalistic design, and sleek materials like vinyl and steel. |
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Minimalism |
Focuses on simplicity and function with sleek lines and neutral colors. |
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Relaxed Modern |
Blends traditional elements with a casual feel; incorporates natural materials for comfort. |
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Contemporary |
Represents current trends in furniture design, often featuring organic shapes and muted colors. |
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Shabby Chic |
Combines vintage furniture with distressed finishes for a rustic yet elegant look. |
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Casual Luxe |
Merges rustic finishes with sophisticated styles to create a comfortable yet luxurious atmosphere. |
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Urban Collective |
A mix of boho-chic, industrial, and mid-century modern designs; emphasizes texture and livability. |
Vintage: Typically ranging from 50 to 100 years old, these are distinctive items known for their intricate details and unique character.
Materials Used in Furniture Terms
Familiarizing yourself with materials used in furniture through a furniture buying guide can provide the insights you need to make the right decision. Additionally, by leveraging purchase timing strategies, you can ensure that you’re getting the best value for your money when selecting furniture pieces made from your desired materials.
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Category |
Material |
Description |
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Natural Materials |
Wood |
The most popular material for furniture due to its durability and aesthetic appeal. |
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Oak |
Known for strength and resistance to warping. |
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Mahogany |
Offers elegance with a rich color and fine grain. |
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Maple |
Prized for its durability and light color. |
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Cherry |
Features a beautiful reddish-brown hue that develops a rich patina over time. |
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Pine |
A softer, more affordable wood often used in casual or rustic furniture. |
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Leather |
A luxurious and durable material used primarily for upholstery; ages well with a unique patina. |
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Cotton |
A natural fiber used in upholstery, known for its softness and breathability. |
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Linen |
Lightweight and durable, linen is ideal for upholstery but can wrinkle easily. |
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Bamboo |
An eco-friendly material that is strong and flexible, often used in contemporary designs. |
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Cane |
A traditional material made from the rattan plant, known for its flexibility and lightweight properties. |
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Engineered Materials |
MDF (Medium-Density Fiberboard) |
An engineered wood product made from wood fibers and resin; smooth surface, less durable than solid wood. |
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Particleboard |
Made from wood chips and adhesive; affordable but less durable than MDF or solid wood. |
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Plywood |
Composed of layers of wood veneer glued together; strong, stable, and versatile. |
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Veneer |
A thin layer of natural wood glued onto a core material like MDF or plywood for an attractive finish. |
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Melamine Faced Chipboard (MFC) |
An engineered board with a melamine surface for durability and aesthetics. |
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Metal Materials |
Steel |
Known for its strength; used in frames and legs for durability and support. |
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Aluminum |
Lightweight and corrosion-resistant; ideal for outdoor furniture. |
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Wrought Iron |
Offers a classic look with high durability; requires maintenance to prevent rust. |
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Glass and Stone Materials |
Glass |
Used for tabletops or decorative elements; provides a modern aesthetic. |
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Marble |
Known for elegance and durability; used in high-end furniture like dining tables. |
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Synthetic Materials |
Vinyl |
A cost-effective leather alternative that is easy to clean and maintain. |
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Microfiber |
A soft synthetic fabric that is stain-resistant and durable, ideal for family-friendly furniture. |
Marble is renowned for its elegance and durability, marble is commonly used in premium furniture pieces, such as dining tables.
Finishes Terms
Finishes enhance the appearance of furniture and protect it from wear and tear. Here are common types of finishes:
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Category |
Finish Type |
Description |
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Types of Finishes |
Varnish |
A durable finish made from oil, solvent, and resin, available in high-gloss, satin, or matte forms. Provides excellent protection against water, heat, and UV rays. |
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Lacquer |
A fast-drying, thin solvent-based finish that enhances the wood's appearance. Offers a glossy finish but may be sensitive to heat and moisture. |
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Shellac |
A natural finish made from the secretions of the lac bug mixed with alcohol. Dries quickly and provides a glossy appearance but is less durable against water. |
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Oil Finish |
Includes drying oils (like linseed oil) that penetrate the wood to enhance its natural grain without forming a surface layer. Provides a rich, translucent look. |
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Wax Finish |
A traditional finish that provides a soft sheen while sealing and protecting the wood. Requires periodic reapplication. |
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Wood Dye |
Used to change or enhance the color of wood without hiding its grain. Dyes are dissolved in solvents and can be applied with various tools. |
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Stain |
Similar to dye but typically thicker. Enhances the wood's color while allowing the grain to show through, available in various colors. |
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Water-Based Finishes |
Contain acrylic resins and dry quickly with less odor than oil-based options. Provide a clear finish that enhances the wood's natural appearance. |
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Penetrating Finish |
Soaks into the wood rather than forming a surface layer, offering a natural look and protection from drying and cracking. |
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French Polish |
A classic finishing technique using shellac mixed with alcohol, applied with a rubbing pad for a high-gloss finish that accentuates the wood’s beauty. |
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Finish Characteristics |
Surface Coating |
Finishes that form a protective layer on top of the wood (e.g., varnish, lacquer). |
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Penetrating Finish |
Finishes that soak into the wood fibers (e.g., oil finishes). |
Wax finish is a classic finish that offers a subtle sheen while sealing and protecting the wood. It requires occasional reapplication to maintain its effect.
Furniture Labels & Tags Terms
Labels provide important information about the furniture’s construction, materials used, care instructions, and safety standards. Look for:
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Category |
Term |
Description |
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Types of Labels |
Permanent Label |
A label affixed to furniture providing essential information, including compliance with safety regulations, and remains attached throughout its life. |
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Display Label (Swing Tag) |
A temporary label attached at the point of sale, indicating ignition resistance and other consumer information, usually discarded after purchase. |
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Label Information |
Carelessness Causes Fire |
A warning statement on permanent labels informing consumers about fire safety. |
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Supplier Information |
Details about the first supplier or manufacturer, including name and address, for traceability. |
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Batch or Identification Number |
A unique number assigned to a furniture batch for tracking and compliance verification. |
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Date of Importation or Manufacture |
Indicates when the furniture was imported or manufactured, providing context for its age and compliance. |
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Filling Materials Description |
Information about the materials used in the filling of upholstered furniture, important for safety and allergies. |
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Covering Materials Description |
Details about the fabric or material used on the outer covering of upholstered items. |
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Schedule 3 Interliner Status |
Indicates the presence of a fire-resistant Schedule 3 interliner required for certain upholstered products. |
Mastering essential furniture terms is crucial for first-time buyers looking to make well-informed decisions. With a clear understanding of materials, styles, and construction terms, you can confidently choose furniture that suits your home and lifestyle. A reliable furniture buying guide will offer valuable insights into durability, design, and functionality, ensuring you get the best value for your investment. Additionally, utilizing a shopping channel comparison allows you to find the best deals across various retailers. For high-quality, stylish furniture that elevates any space, COZY is your go-to destination, where expert craftsmanship meets comfort and timeless design.
